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The Role Of Calcium In The Blood -- And The Calcium Pump

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Source:  Karl Loren Brief

I am presenting here the concept of a "pump" inside the cells of the arteries -- a "pump" which works to eject calcium from inside the cell? That is a well accepted scientific concept.  I have long claimed that heart disease is caused in great part by free radicals doing damage to individual cells inside the arteries -- here is one of the places such damage takes place -- the "calcium pump" inside cells in the arteries -- particularly the cells within the middle layer of the artery -- the muscle layer of the artery.  When that free radical bombardment is stopped, the damage can be reversed.

The amount of calcium in the blood stream is a critical factor in controlling the beat of the heart.  If there is too much or too little calcium in the blood stream, the heart can simply stop beating.  It is actually the balance between calcium and magnesium that controls the beat of the heart.

Calcium is what controls the CONTRACTION of the heart as it is pumping blood through the body.

Magnesium is what controls the relaxing of the heart, when no blood is being pumped out.

The regular rhythm of the heart beat depends on these two minerals being in proper balance and supply.

If either one or the other starts to increase in quantity, the body has some very well understood mechanisms to bring the balance back to normal.

This is why the taking of a large amount of calcium (as a supplement) does NOT upset the heart beat -- the large, and sudden increase of calcium (or magnesium) flood through the blood stream -- bringing the potential for a sudden imbalance and the cessation of the heart beating!  This is serious stuff!

Fortunately, the body handles these matters so well that there hardly any danger from this source.

This page covers the above concepts plus the method by which the body handles the mechanics of increasing or decreasing the amount of calcium, or magnesium, in the blood stream.  The terms are highly technical; however, the above is simple to understand and anyone with an interest in the details can read on through this page.

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Calcium & Magnesium

The key to understanding the effects of calcium and magnesium on the heart is this: Calcium is needed for muscles to contract and magnesium is needed for muscles to relax. The heart muscles are like all muscles. Calcium causes heart contraction; magnesium causes heart relaxation.  (source)


The Role Of Calcium And The Heart Beat

Here is another of many studies that mentions the calcium balance and heart beat:

It has been known for 15 years that failing hearts do not handle calcium properly. The contraction of heart muscle cells – like all muscle cells – is controlled by cycling levels of calcium, which is stored in a cellular structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In response to the electrical impulses that control heartbeat, calcium is released from the SR into the main body of the cell (the cytosol), stimulating the cell to contract.

[Karl Note:  It is interesting to realize that it is not just the "heart" that contracts and relaxes, but it is the individual cells within the heart muscle which contract and expand.  (Click for more.) So, it is calcium which ENTERS "the main body of the cell (the cytosol), stimulating the cell to contract."]

After contraction, calcium moves back from the cytosol into the SR via a molecular calcium pump, the SERCA2a protein. In heart failure, the return of calcium into the SR is diminished. With this disruption to the normal cycling of calcium, the muscle cells cannot respond appropriately to the heartbeat impulses. They contract weakly, and the heart’s pumping activity decreases. Previous research linked these abnormalities to decreased function of the SERCA2a calcium pump, but it was unclear whether protein levels actually were reduced in failing hearts. Animal studies also had shown that increasing production of SERCA2a improved heart function, both in individual cells and in living animals. But it was not yet clear that gene transfer techniques also would work in human heart cells.   (Source)

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Dr. Cranton & The Calcium Pump

Free radicals also cause tissue calcification by damaging the integrity of cell membranes, causing leaks in cell walls, and by damaging enzymatic cell-wall transport pumps. If the calcium pump is weakened, or if cell wall integrity is damaged, the calcium pump becomes unable to remove calcium as it leaks in. Intracellular calcium accumulates, causing malfunction and eventually cell death. X-rays of older people commonly show dense calcium deposits in soft tissues that do not normally have that bony appearance. A similar weakening of the sodium pump in cell walls allows an increase of intracellular sodium, leading to swelling of the cell, edema, and eventual cell lysis. (source)

 


Cytosol

Cell Membrane: Every cell is enclosed in a membrane. The membrane is a double layer of lipids (lipid bilayer) but is made quite complex by the presence of numerous proteins that are important to cell activity. These proteins include receptors, pores, and enzymes. The membrane is responsible for the controlled entry and exit of ions like sodium (Na) potassium (K), calcium (Ca++). See the description of ion channels.

 Cytosol: The cytosol (cytoplasm) is the "soup" within which all the other cell organelles reside and where most of the cellular metabolism occurs. Though mostly water, the cytosol is full of proteins that control cell metabolism including signal transduction pathways, glycolysis, intracellular receptors, and transcription factors.  (source) 


The Beat of a Single Cell

We may not immediately think of our heart as a collection of individual cells. But it is the complex interaction of numerous cell types that give the heart its ability to pump blood. Some cells form heart connective tissue, other cells grow into heart valves. And muscle cells give the heart its ability to beat and pump blood throughout the body.

You can dissolve an embryonic heart into its individual cell types with trypsin, an enzyme that destroys the protein glue between the cells. Plate these cells in a dish and you will see some cells - called myocytes - that beat independently. The cells shown here are from the chick embryo. (source)


Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

When pondering what makes the human heart tick, the words “phospholamban” and “sarcoplasmic reticulum” are unlikely to spring to mind. Yet phospholamban, a protein that regulates calcium levels in the heart, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum, a membrane sac that stores and releases calcium in muscle cells, each play an integral role in regulating heart muscle contraction. A better understanding of their functions could lead to improved strategies for treating and preventing heart disease and possibly muscle disorders.  (source)

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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Image

Source

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Calcium Channel Blockers

Once the calcium pump is damaged, as for instance by free radicals, doctors often try to remedy the problem by prescribing a class of drugs called "calcium channel blockers."  These are dangerous in themselves, and of course are very late on the chain of causation.  It would be far better to remove the toxic metals that CAUSE the free radicals which damage the calcium pump.

As one example, calcium channel blockers are widely used for angina, arrhythmia, and hypertension. But the initial damage to the calcium pump has multiple dietary and lifestyle causes, like pesticides and other xenobiotic exposures, transfatty acids, and nutritional deficiencies. Studies confirm that mere poisoning of the calcium channel with calcium channel blockers leads to an accelerated rate of cancers and other diseases, as it should, for to ignore repairing the cell membrane allows other membrane functions to deteriorate as well.  (source)


Damage To The Calcium Pump Can Be Reversed

  1.  
    1.  
      1.  
        1. Without ATP, cell membrane Na/K Atpase pumps, calcium pump, and Na/Ca antiport fail

          1. Accumulation of Na and calcium inside the cell

          2. Influx of water (hydropic swelling)

          3. It is reversible if the stress is removed

          4. If oxygen is not restored, irreversible stage can cause cell damage leading to death

          5. Cells are bathed in an interstitial fluid rich in calcium ions. Cell membrane becomes damaged. Calcium accumulates in the mitochondria and compromise ATP production and lead to cellular digestion---irreversible cell death

        2.  

          Source


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