Heart Operation Clot Risk Warning -- From Stents
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Tuesday, 4 September, 2001, 02:28 GMT
03:28 UK
Heart
op clot risk warning
The stent is a successful way
of treating hardened arteries
Heart patients treated with coronary
artery stents during operations may be
at more risk of dangerous blood clots
than doctors previously thought.
Stents are flexible mesh tubes which are used to prop open arteries which have become hardened and narrowed. Normally a balloon is positioned in the artery and inflated to force it open before the stent is inserted. However, one of the known potential complications of stenting is that clots may form in the newly-widened artery, blocking it up again. This can cause a major heart attack and even kill the patient.
It is thought that there is a 1% chance of this happening, but the latest research suggest that previous studies have been over-optimistic. However, even taking this into account, doctors are still likely to opt for treatments involving stents, as they are significantly safer than alternatives. Research has shown that the combination of using stents with balloon angioplasties appears to be safer and more effective than conventional bypass surgery. Approximately 23,000 such operations are carried out in the UK each year. Doctors have been advised by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence to make sure stents are positioned after balloon angioplasties. Sicker patients The researchers, from Duke University Medical Center in the US, said that they felt previous studies had been over-optimistic, because many patients at higher risk of clotting had been excluded. They used data from studies which included these sicker patients, and found that the overall overall average rate of such clotting was 3.5%. Those at highest risk were diabetic patients, the elderly, or those who had had a previous heart attack or angioplasty procedure. Dr Thaddeus Tolleson, from Duke University, said: "Stent thrombosis is a rare event, but when it happens, it is quite dramatic. 'Catastrophic' "They usually occur within the first two weeks of a stent placement and typically involve a large infarction (heart attack) or sudden death. "They are infrequent but catastrophic." The team suggests that doctors should be aware that clotting is a significant risk, particularly in some patients. The reason why clotting occurs is related to the placement of the stent itself, which irritates the lining of the artery wall - and provokes an immune response. This means that platelets - a part of the blood involved with the healing process - are directed to the "injury", where they can contribute to clots which are large enough to block even the enlarged artery. The research was presented at the European Society of Cardiology annual conference.
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